The presentation will share findings from an NSF-funded research project(2021-2024). The term “ethnoracial law” is tied to Latin America’s “Turntowards Multiculturalism” and its “new constitutionalism.” It refers to two types of legal instruments: (1) constitutional articles and special laws that recognize and protect collective rights over land, culture, and identity, and (2) “racialequality” or “anti-discrimination” laws designed to protect indigenous people, Afrodescendants, and other ethnoracial minorities from discrimination. This study is the first to systematically examine how ethnoracial law is applied to benefit Afrodescendants within a representative South American judicial system, analyzing its use by judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys.